King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo Rule cover

King Leopold's Soliloquy: A Defense of His Congo Rule

by Mark Twain

Twain gives the king a microphone and he hangs himself.

For you if

you want to laugh at a tyrant while the evidence stacks up.

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In 1905 Mark Twain wrote a pamphlet in the voice of King Leopold II of Belgium, complaining to the world that missionaries and a new invention, the Kodak camera, had exposed what he was doing in the Congo. The king whines, blusters and counts his profits, and in doing so lets the horror speak for itself. It is a short, savage satire against empire, written to raise money for the Congo reform movement, and it still works as a lesson in how a powerful man talks about his own crimes.

Where This Book Lives

Pass with note. Very short, and brutal in its content despite the tone; it includes photographs and testimony. Twain's record on race outside this work is mixed and well known, though here he stands firmly with the Congolese. Editions vary, including public-domain reprints. Availability flag: confirm a print edition at Bookshop.org. Direct companion to King Leopold's Ghost in the catalog. Close relatives: A Modest Proposal, Discourse on Colonialism and The Looting Machine (suggested 10-27).

Related Viewing

Shares a topic or setting with this book, or several of its themes.

Exterminate All the Brutes poster

Exterminate All the Brutes(2021)

dir. Raoul Peck

Same event: Colonialism · Same theme: Propaganda

Four hours of the colonial story, unsoftened.

A four-part essay-series by the director of I Am Not Your Negro, following the sentence that Conrad's Kurtz wrote on his report in Heart of Darkness. Peck narrates a history of colonialism, genocide and white supremacy from Columbus to the American West to the Congo, mixing archive footage, animation and staged scenes. It is the story the textbooks soften.

Why it’s here: The series connects things the curriculum keeps apart: colonial violence, slavery, the Holocaust, and the ideas that justified each. What's punk is the refusal of the neutral tone, and the fact that it names the thread. What's pedagogical is that it can be paused, discussed and argued with. Pairs with Discourse on Colonialism, Orientalism and King Leopold's Ghost. Note: it is long, essayistic and dense, and some critics call its sweep too broad.

Where to watch: Hulu (HBO original, 4 episodes, per Hulu series page); verify current US availabilityLetterboxd ↗

Bamako poster

Bamako(2006)

dir. Abderrahmane Sissako

Same event: Colonialism

A Malian courtyard puts the World Bank on trial.

In a courtyard in Bamako, Mali, a real trial is staged: African civil society puts the World Bank and the IMF in the dock for the damage done by structural adjustment. Lawyers argue, witnesses testify, and around them the family life of the yard goes on: a singer, a husband and wife whose marriage is breaking, a man building a grave. Sissako lets a western play on a television in the background. It is a film that argues, and is also a film about people.

Why it’s here: It's a film that puts debt and aid on trial, in the courtyard where they land. What's punk is the staging: the powerful are summoned to a poor man's yard and made to answer. What's pedagogical is the way it makes an abstract system concrete, with testimony, cross-examination and the lives around it. Pairs with Debt, The Shock Doctrine and Xala. Note: slow, argumentative and in French and Bambara with subtitles; includes a staged western spoof and an intentionally uncomfortable moment of violence. Sissako's Timbuktu was suggested 10-14.

Where to watch: Subscription: MUBI ($14.99/mo), OVID ($6.99/mo); free with library card on Kanopy, Hoopla; rent $3.99 Amazon / $4.99 Apple TV; buy $10.99 (JustWatch US, checked 2026-10-01, re-check). Verify.Letterboxd ↗